Wind turbine blade erosion with particle-laden atmospheric flow

Objective

Wind energy is essential to achieve carbon neutrality and the sustainable society. Optimization of its operations and maintenance (O&M) is imperative for its economic viability. Current annual O&M costs in Europe are around 5.8 billion euros, with erosion due to particle collisions being a significant contributor. This research aims to develop an innovative wind turbine monitoring system that integrates a novel stress sensor with a comprehensive understanding of turbine blade stress induced by particle-laden atmospheric turbulent flow. Three objectives guide this interdisciplinary study: (1) To adapt a novel stress sensor for aerodynamic applications, (2) To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms behind particle-induced stress on turbine blades, and (3) To create turbine blade damage maps that relate to actual operational and weather conditions. The project leverages state-of-the-art facilities for turbulence studies and the ultrahigh-sensitive strain sensor. First, the ultrahigh-sensitive sensor is redesigned for aerodynamic application. Particle-laden atmospheric flows are then created in the lab to measure the distribution of particles in the flow around turbine blades and the stresses they impose on them. The fluid dynamic mechanisms that determine particle concentration and particle-induced stresses on turbine blades are examined and an analytical model is established. To improve field applicability, the independent variables of the model are replaced by operational and weather condition parameters that can be easily measured in the field. Finally, the practicality of the study is confirmed by creating annual damage maps of wind turbine blades operating in Europe and comparing them with turbine blade lifetime and maintenance cycle data. The project not only brings to light the mechanism behind wind turbine blade erosion, but also significantly reduces wind turbine O&M costs, increases efficiency, and contributes to sustainable wind energy development.