Violence by Russia in Ukraine: Examining the Implications of Its Narrative Justification in Russia and Europe

Objective

The VIRUS project will investigate the narrative legitimisation of violence during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Russia and Europe, exploring the argument that, similar to a virus, violence proliferates when conditions are favourable. By analysing the narrative justifications for the ongoing Russian invasion, propagated by illiberal socio-political actors in Russia and selected European democracies—specifically Germany, Italy, and Austria—the project will demonstrate how these actors portray violence not as an immoral act or a last resort, but as necessary and even virtuous action, thereby creating a conducive environment for its normalisation and escalation, and undermining democratic norms across Europe. Beyond its scientific significance, VIRUS will also develop practical tools to identify and counter narratives and illiberal actors that endorse the Russian invasion. These tools will include the creation of a multilingual website and the implementation of awareness campaigns to enhance democratic resilience and media literacy in Europe, especially where democratic institutions are in decline and Russian disinformation persists.