Biogeochemical insights on the entry of seawater lithium into marine ecosystems

Objective

Lithium (Li) is essential for the global energy transition, with rapidly increasing use in rechargeable batteries. As Li release into the ocean is expected to rise, its effects on marine ecosystems remain largely unknown. Limited evidence suggests Li can accumulate in lower trophic levels and be incorporated into biominerals during calcification of shells and skeletons, but the ecological risks and biogeochemical pathways of Li are poorly understood. BESTLiME addresses these critical gaps at the interface of biology, mineralogy, and geochemistry. It pursues two main objectives: (1) to quantify Li bioaccumulation in diatoms, key primary producers at the base of marine food webs, and (2) to investigate Li incorporation into biominerals produced by corals and bivalves, organisms central to ecosystem health and carbon cycling. To achieve these goals, diatoms, bivalves, and corals will be cultured under controlled conditions with elevated Li. Fibroblast models will be used to simulate cell membranes and evaluate Li transport into cells. Li concentrations will be monitored in culturing fluids and biomass to calculate bioaccumulation. Biominerals formed during culture will be analysed with advanced electron microscopy and geochemical techniques. Two short visits to partner institutions will examine Li distribution in the biomaterials and characterize biominerals, providing complementary training and strengthen collaborations. BESTLiME will deliver the first systematic dataset on how Li enters marine life. The findings will refine geochemical proxies, inform sustainable ocean and resource management, and guide safe recycling strategies. For the fellow, a geochemist with limited biological experience, this project offers advanced training in marine biology and biomineralization. These critical skills will help the fellow to build a strong foundation for long-term success as an independent researcher at the interface of geoscience and bioscience.