Assessment of Reliability of large-area perovskite photovoltaic modules via Multi-modal characterization and real-world cORrelation

Objective

Perovskite photovoltaics now achieve lab-scale efficiencies rivalling silicon, but bankable deployment hinges on stability at the module scale. While degradation in ~1 cm² cells is increasingly understood, the physics and chemistry of large area modules (≥100 cm²) remain unresolved because scaling introduces absorber/interface inhomogeneity, resistive interconnects, lateral transport limits, and encapsulation-driven thermomechanical stress. ARMOR will deliver an integrated, module-scale picture of degradation by combining optoelectronic, structural, and chemical diagnostics under harmonised indoor and outdoor protocols. Using industrially relevant modules from the host (IMEC), we will quantify performance loss under light soaking, damp heat (85 °C/85% RH), thermal cycling (-40-85 °C), and reverse bias. Time-resolved IV, EQE, EL/PL imaging, impedance spectroscopy, and infrared thermography will map spatial and temporal failure modes; SEM/AFM/XRD will track morphological and phase evolution; GC-MS, TOF SIMS, and Raman/FTIR will identify volatile and ionic decomposition pathways and interfacial reactions. A parallel outdoor deployment with continuous irradiance/temperature/humidity logging will capture real-world kinetics. ARMOR will elucidate light-induced degradation, reverse bias damage, degassing products, encapsulation failure, electric field screening, metastability, and intra-bandgap defects that impact module performance. By correlating indoor and field signatures, we will derive robust acceleration factors and build a physics-informed lifetime prediction model. Outcomes include a validated reliability workflow and actionable recommendations to tailor ISOS/IEC protocols for perovskites, accelerating their path to bankability. The fellow will receive advanced training in module upscaling, multi modal metrology, data modelling, and research leadership within IMEC’s innovation ecosystem, ensuring high scientific impact and strong career progression.