Multi-scale model of thermal runaway propagation in next-generation Na-ion batteries

Objective

In the context of global climate challenges and the transition towards renewable energy sources, sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, offering reduced dependency on critical raw materials and enhanced sustainability. However, despite their theoretical safety advantages, the thermal runaway mechanisms and associated safety risks of Na-ion batteries remain largely unexplored. The first objective of this project is to address this critical knowledge gap by developing a comprehensive, predictive safety framework for Na-ion batteries. The second objective of this study is to transition from reactive to proactive safety strategies by detecting early-stage failure indicators in real time, with a particular focus on the gaseous precursors emitted during thermal abuse. The integration of operando optical diagnostics with multi-scale modelling is a novel approach that has the potential to deliver two key benefits. Firstly, it will facilitate the delivery of early detection capabilities. Secondly, it will enable material-level insights to be gained into failure mechanisms. To conclude, this project will establish the foundations for the development of energy storage technologies that are safer, more scalable, and less reliant on lithium. These technologies will contribute to Europe's aspirations towards achieving climate neutrality and will also serve to strengthen its strategic autonomy in the field of battery innovation.