Biomineralization in Artificial Microcompartments

Objective

Biomineralization typically occurs within membrane-bound intracellular sub-compartments, where phospholipid membranes and embedded proteins play essential roles in regulating the process. Lately, membraneless organelles have emerged as potential platforms for biomineral production. Despite their recognized importance in both cell and synthetic biology, only a few studies have examined how membraneless organelles influence biomineral formation and the resulting material properties. In this context, our preliminary results demonstrate that metal sulfide minerals can form within artificial membraneless organelles (AMOs). This finding provides the conceptual foundation for the BAM project, which aims to elucidate the mechanisms of metal sulfide biomineralization within AMOs. Specifically, BAM will: 1. Define how membraneless organelles regulate biomineralization in vitro. 2. Use membraneless organelles to control the structure and properties of biominerals. 3. Establish high-throughput and controlled methods for biomineral formation adapted for potential applications. These objectives will test the hypothesis that membraneless organelles can support intracellular biomineralization through mechanisms distinct from those in membrane-bound organelles. To achieve this, we will employ biogenic heavy metal–binding peptides and proteins—molecules already known to be involved in biomineralization—to construct artificial organelles. Our interdisciplinary approach will enable the rational design and control of minimal systems based on AMOs. The BAM project will therefore deliver a unique, multidisciplinary investigation that expands the frontiers of biomineralization and synthetic biology. Ultimately, it will establish novel methods and tools for the scientific community, while also creating opportunities to develop innovative inorganic synthesis strategies at the interface of inorganic and physical chemistry, biology, and microfluidic engineering.